This simple roasting method brings out the natural sweetness of asparagus while adding delicious savory notes from the garlic and Parmesan. The key to perfect roasted asparagus is high heat and not overcrowding the pan.

1. Step 1: Preheating ensures your asparagus roasts properly rather than steams.

   Preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C) and line a baking sheet with parchment paper or aluminum foil for easy cleanup.

2. Step 2: The woody ends are tough and fibrous - removing them ensures a tender bite.

   Wash the asparagus spears thoroughly under cold water. Trim the woody ends by either snapping them off at their natural breaking point or cutting approximately 1-2 inches from the bottom.

3. Step 3: Drying the asparagus helps them roast rather than steam in the oven.

   Pat the asparagus dry with paper towels and arrange them in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet.

4. Step 4: Mixing the seasonings with oil ensures even distribution of flavors.

   In a small bowl, combine the olive oil, minced garlic, lemon zest (reserve the juice for later), salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes if using.

5. Step 5: Ensure each spear is coated for maximum flavor development.

   Drizzle the garlic-oil mixture over the asparagus and use your hands or tongs to toss until all spears are evenly coated.

6. Step 6: Adding cheese in stages creates better texture and flavor.

   Sprinkle half of the grated Parmesan cheese over the asparagus, turning the spears to coat them on all sides.

7. Step 7: Cooking time may vary depending on the thickness of your asparagus spears.

   Roast in the preheated oven for 12-15 minutes, or until the asparagus is tender but still slightly crisp and the cheese begins to turn golden brown.

8. Step 8: The heat will help the fresh lemon juice absorb into the asparagus.

   Remove from the oven and immediately squeeze half the lemon juice over the hot asparagus. Sprinkle with the remaining Parmesan cheese.

9. Step 9: Roasted asparagus is best enjoyed fresh from the oven.

   Transfer to a serving platter and serve immediately while hot and crispy.

For a complete meal, serve this asparagus alongside grilled chicken or fish and a side of fluffy rice or crusty bread. Leftovers can be refrigerated for up to 2 days and are delicious cold in salads or reheated briefly in a hot oven.